Plant for processing of carbon-containing raw material

ABSTRACT

A facility for the processing of carbon-containing raw material comprising a body with a shell divided into a gas generation chamber with a dome and two loading and unloading hatches, and a combustion chamber with means for air supply and disposal. The gas generation chamber is situated over the combustion chamber, and is separated from it by a plate. It is equipped with a mechanism for forced cooling and provided with a central opening. The means for air supply are in the form of openings coming out under the shell and are situated in the gas generation chamber over the plate. The shell comprises openings in its upper part equipped with shutters. The combustion chamber is arranged in three autonomous chambers situated side by side and interconnected by the openings. Each chamber has an air supply opening, and the openings in the side chambers are situated in their walls at an angle to them, while the opening in the central chamber is situated straight, in a lid, with which the chamber is equipped. Next to the gas generation chamber are ash disposal hatches, with an arched dome.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPPLICATION

This application is a national stage application and claims the benefit of the priority filing date in PCT/UA2010/000055 referenced in WIPO Publication WO/2011/028194 A1. The earliest priority date claimed is Sep. 7, 2009.

FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH

None

SEQUENCE LISTING OR PROGRAM

None

STATEMENT REGARDING COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL

Portions of the disclosure of this patent document contain material that is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent document or the patent disclosure as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office file or records, but otherwise reserves all copyright rights whatsoever.

BACKGROUND

The invention relates to devices and assemblies for carbon-containing raw material processing carbon-containing, and can be applied to the processing of non-grounded used motorcycle, car and tractor tires, and other waste of organic origin.

Well-known is a facility for the pyrolysis of worn-out tires, which has a vertical pyrolysis chamber, a tubular heating source installed inside the chamber which interacts with a hoisting and dropping mechanism, nozzles of gasiform and liquid decomposition product outlets and different units of wire framing and cinder separation, where the tires package is located in the outward side of the tubular heating source (see the application of Japan No. 58-24473, IPC C10B Mar. 2, 1983).

The shortcoming of this facility is its structural complexity and high energy expense when heating car tires from an inside diameter.

Well-known is a facility for the pyrolysis of non-grounded, car and tractor tires comprising a pyrolysis chamber with upper and bottom parts, interconnected by means of a cone releasable connection, and some devices allowing the heating of non-grounded tires from the outside and inside diameter (Patent RF No. 2078111, IPC C10B Mar. 2, Official Journal No. 12, 1997).

The shortcoming of this facility is the structural complexity of a releasable pyrolysis chamber, as well as heightened labor expenditures due to the loading and unloading of kept material in the releasable pyrolysis chamber.

Well-known is a facility for the pyrolized processing of carbon-containingcontaining raw material by pyrogenesis, comprising a circular gas generation chamber, heating gas supply and disposal nozzles, a mean of pyrolysis products disposal, as well as a gas generator operating on technical carbon and the original curb combustion chamber (see Patent RF No. 2258078, IPC C10B53/08, B29B17/00, in Oct. 8, 2005).

The shortcoming of this facility is its lack of versatility in the pyrolysis of carbon-containing raw materials of different compositions. This is due to the inability to support a permanent, predetermined temperature and predetermined pressure caused by the fractional partition of pyrolysis products, involving the permanent changing of the material composition undergoing the pyrolysis.

The nearest analogue is a gas-producing facility for the processing of carbon-containing raw material, which includes a body with a shell divided into a gas generation chamber with a dome and two loading and unloading hatches and a combustion chamber, as well as an air supply means, in which the gas generation chamber is situated over the gas combustion chamber. is the gas generation chamber is separated from the gas combustion chamber by a plate arranged with a mechanism for forced cooling and provided with one or several openings. As such, the air supply means are arranged in openings, coming out under the shell and are situated in the gas generation chamber over the plate The shell comprises one or several openings in its upper part, equipped with shutters (see the Patent of Ukraine No. 42719, IPC (2006) C10B 53/08, B29B17/00, Oct. 7, 2009).

The shortcoming of this facility is its under-capacity output (no more than 2 MW). This shortcoming is caused by an inability to control over air flows which runs through the chambers based on character and air volume. This considerably restricts performance development potential.

The objective of the invention is to create a facility for the processing of carbon-containing raw materially changing the construction of the combustion chamber and improving the openings system in order to create vortex flows of different speeds and temperatures which considerably raises facility power (up to 4 MW). The resulting facility provides an environmentally safe recovery of waste.

The solution to the objective is in the form of a facility for the processing of carbon-containing raw material, which comprises a body with a shell divided into a gas generation chamber with a dome and two loading and unloading hatches, and a combustion chamber with means for air supply and disposal. The gas generation chamber is situated over the combustion chamber, and is separated from it by a plate. The gas generation chamber is equipped with a mechanism for forced cooling and is provided with at least one central opening. The means for air supply are in the form of openings coming out under the shell and are situated in the gas generation chamber over the plate. The shell comprises one or several openings in its upper part equipped with shutters. The combustion chamber is arranged in three autonomous chambers situated side by side and interconnected by the openings. Each chamber has at least one air supply opening, and the openings in the side chambers are situated in their walls at an angle to them, while the opening in the central chamber is situated straight, in a lid, with which the chamber is equipped. Next to the gas generation chamber are ash disposal hatches, with an arched dome.

In the prototype, the arched dome is made symmetric in relation to the vertical axis of the body. To raise resistance to temperature drops, the dome and all operative parts of the facility are made of firebrick.

In another embodiment, the ash disposal hatches are situated over the plate at its edges for the conveniences of ash disposal.

Emergency gas withdrawal can be made possible in which the gas generation chamber is additionally equipped with an opening with a shutter, situated in the center, in front of the loading and unloading hatches, and connected with a chimney.

To decrease gas loss through the hatch openings, the gas generation chamber is additionally equipped with an air vent situated in its upper part over the loading and unloading hatches. This facilitates a return of gases under the casing.

In the prototype, the air supply and disposal means in the gas generation chamber, and all openings in the facility, are equipped with diaphragm-like shutters to enable the control of air flow quantity that runs through the openings.

For gas-producing facilities for the processing of carbon-containing raw material, several openings can be arranged in the plate, depending on the quality and quantity of initial material. The openings can have a round or slot-like section.

To provide control over the air flow character coming out through the side combustion chambers, the angle of the openings in the side combustion chamber in relation to its side walls is 45°.

To raise the amount of ash disposal, the side-combustion chambers are additionally equipped with ash disposal hatches.

Examples of separate arrangement versions of the facility are as follows: The plate is made demountable for the convenience of its replacement in the event operating conditions change or the plate deteriorates.

The means for forced cooling of the plate can be arranged, for instance, with a cooling agent, or as a cooling cover.

To intensify the pyrolysis process, the plate surface is made wavelike or ribbed, at least on the side of the gas generation chamber.

In the preferred embodiment, the volume of the combustion chamber relates to the volume of gas generation chamber in a ratio of 1:1.3, and the total quantity of air supply openings to the gas generation chamber relates to the total quantity of plate openings in a ratio of 1:1.8.

To create a directed flow in the combustion chamber, the facility comprises an additional injector torch installed in the combustion chamber.

To automate the process, the facility is additionally equipped with an injector torch control unit and/or with a pyrolysis process control panel.

Depending on the kind of fuel, the gas generation chamber can be additionally equipped with loading and unloading hatches.

The number of the openings under the shell in the gas generation chamber depends upon on the power needs of the facility.

The location of the openings in the gas generation chamber, face to face in a mirror position, produces aerodynamical whirls, which accelerate the gas generation process and improve facility operation efficiency.

The embodiments of the invention are not limited by these examples, and are provided only as illustrations.

SUMMARY

The invention is a facility for the processing of carbon-containing raw material, which comprises a body with a shell divided into a gas generation chamber with a dome and two loading and unloading hatches, and a combustion chamber with means for air supply and disposal. The gas generation chamber is situated over the combustion chamber, and is separated from it by a plate. The gas generation chamber is equipped with a mechanism for forced cooling and is provided with at least one central opening. The means for air supply are in the form of openings coming out under the shell and are situated in the gas generation chamber over the plate. The shell comprises one or several openings in its upper part equipped with shutters. The combustion chamber is arranged in three autonomous chambers situated side by side and interconnected by the openings. Each chamber has at least one air supply opening, and the openings in the side chambers are situated in their walls at an angle to them, while the opening in the central chamber is situated straight, in a lid, with which the chamber is equipped. Next to the gas generation chamber are ash disposal hatches, with an arched dome.

FIGURE

FIG. 1 illustrates the general view of the gas-generating facility for the processing of carbon-containing raw materials is illustrated.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The facility for the processing of carbon-containing raw material comprise a body with a shell 17, divided in a gas generation chamber 21 with a dome 1 and two loading hatches 18, 19 and a combustion chamber, divided in three autonomous chambers 5, 6, 7, situated side by side. The gas generation chamber 21 is situated over the combustion chambers 5, 6, 7 and separated from it by a plate 14, made with an ability for forced cooling and equipped with openings 15, with shutters 16, thereby the air supply means are arranged in openings 20, being on the loading hatches 18, 19, and the openings, coming out under the shell and situated in the gas generation chamber over the plate (not showed on the layout), and the shell in its upper part comprises one or several openings, equipped with the shutters 4. Each chamber 5, 6, 7 has at least one air supply opening 8, 13, 9, and the openings 8, 9 in the side chambers 5, 7 are situated in their side walls at an angle to them, and the opening 13 in the central chamber 6 is situated straight in a lid 12, by which the chamber 6 is equipped, besides the gas generation chamber 21 is equipped with hatches 3 of ash disposal, which are situated over the plate 14 at its edges. The dome 1 is arched. The side combustion chambers 5, 7 are additionally equipped with hatches 10, 11 of ash disposal. The gas generation chamber 21 is equipped with an opening with a shutter 2, which is situated in the centre in front of the loading hatches 18, 19.

The facility operates as follows. One opens the loading hatches 18, 19 and the gas generation chamber 21 is to be loaded with an initial organic raw material. The raw material (dry wood is better at the beginning) flares up, thereafter the loading hatches 18, 19 are to be closed. Due to the position of the shutter 4 the required pressure for conducting the process is established in the gas generation chamber 21. At first, the combustion is directed from the bottom-up for heating the dome 1 of the gas generation chamber 21, following which, the smoke exhaust is to be turned on (not showed on the layout). As such, the flame is directed through the plate 14 opening 20 into the combustion chamber. A portion of air is also fed through the opening 13 into combustion chamber 6, which stimulates the oxidation of pyrolysis products. Then, due to air supply through the openings 9, 8 the combustion products leaving the chamber 6 establish a whirlwind and go to the heat exchanger (not showed on the layout) through the opening 24. The complete thermal decomposition of organic waste and materials occurs in the facility, irrespective of high humidity and molecular weight. The air entering through the shutters 4 in the gas generation chamber 21 ensures the anoxic recycling of solid industrial and domestic waste. The air is completely expended when supporting the anoxic recycling of solid industrial and domestic waste, ensuring the progress of the pyrolysis process, i.e. thermal decomposition of carbon bearing raw material with restricted air access. As a result of the proposed construction, the turbulent character of gas movement, temperature conditions and pressure conditions, are established in the gas generation chamber, by which raw material, irrespective of its composition and high humidity, is completely decomposed. Due to the maintenance of the required relation of pressure and whirling turbulence in the gas generation chamber 21 and combustion chambers 6, 5, 7, the gas flow, established during combustion, has a prescribed direction and comes out through the plate 14 opening 20 in the chamber 6, and through the opening 22, 23 in the chambers 5, 7. Secondary air is fed into the chambers 6, 5, 7, through the openings 13, 8, 9, which establishes the whirling turbulent flow and promotes the complete combustion of thermal decomposition products and pyrocoal (available in thermal decomposition products). The movement intensity of this flow depends on the position of the shutters 4 at the entrance into the gas generation chamber 21.

The invention improves the efficiency of the pyrolysis of carbon-containing raw material (fuel), and optimally decontaminates waste of organic origin (e.g., plastic waste, general mechanical rubber goods, pesticides, sludge, waste of sewage disposal plants, refinery waste, waste of medical and pharmaceutical enterprises, food waste, biological waste as well as alternative kinds of fuel in different combinations) in the range of initial humidity, from 0 up to 55%, by means of a turbulent whirling-directed combustion of products with maximal energy conversion. 

1. A facility for the processing of carbon-containing raw material, which comprises a body with a shell, divided into: a gas generation chamber with a dome and two loading and unloading hatches and a combustion chamber, as well as an air supply and disposal means, and the gas generation chamber is situated over the combustion chamber, and is separated from it by a plate, arranged with capability of forced cooling and provided with at least one central opening, and the means of air supply are arranged in openings, coming out under the shell and are situated in the gas generation chamber over the plate, and the shell comprises one or several openings in its upper part, equipped with shutters, wherein the combustion chamber is arranged in three autonomous chambers situated side by side and interconnected by openings, each chamber has at least one air supply opening, and the opening in the side chambers are situated in their walls at an angle to them, and the opening in the central chamber is situated straight, in a lid, with which the chamber is equipped, besides the gas generation chamber is additionally equipped with ash disposal hatches, and its dome is arched.
 2. The facility of claim 1, wherein the arched dome is arranged symmetrically in relation to vertical axis of the body.
 3. The facility of claims 1, wherein the arched dome is made of firebrick.
 4. The facility of claim 1, wherein the ash disposal hatches are situated over the plate at its edges.
 5. The facility of claim 1, wherein the gas generation chamber is additionally equipped with a opening with a shutter, which is situated straight in the center in front of the loading and unloading hatches.
 6. The facility of claim 1, wherein the gas generation chamber is additionally equipped with an air vent, which is situated in its upper part over the loading and unloading hatches.
 7. The facility of claim 1, wherein the air supply and disposal means in the gas generation chamber are equipped with diaphragm-like shutters.
 8. The facility of claim 1, wherein the plate comprises several openings.
 9. The facility of claim 8, wherein the plate openings are equipped by diaphragm-like shutters.
 10. The facility of claim 8, wherein the opening in the central combustion chamber is equipped with a shutter.
 11. The facility of claim 8, wherein the angle of the openings in the side combustion chamber in relation to its side walls is 45°.
 12. The facility of claim 8, wherein the side combustion chambers are additionally equipped with ash disposal hatches. 